Key Takeaways
- A sinus infection, or sinusitis, is inflammation of the tissues lining the sinuses. It often follows a cold and can be caused by viruses or bacteria.
- Signs of a sinus infection in a child include a persistent cold, thick yellow or green nasal discharge, bad breath, sinus pain or pressure, and a nighttime cough.
- Most sinus infections are viral and resolve on their own, but bacterial infections may require antibiotics prescribed by a doctor.
- PT Family Medicine offers expert primary and preventative care for children in Pennsylvania. If you think your child has a sinus infection, schedule an appointment for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.
Understanding Sinus Infections in Children
It's tough to watch your child suffer through a stubborn cold. When a runny nose and cough seem to linger for weeks, it's natural for parents to wonder if something else is going on. Often, that 'something else' is a sinus infection, also known as sinusitis.
Sinusitis is the inflammation or swelling of the tissue lining the sinuses—hollow spaces within the bones of the face. These spaces normally produce thin mucus that drains out of the nose, cleaning it as it goes. When your child gets a cold, the sinuses can become blocked and fill with fluid, creating a perfect environment for germs like viruses and bacteria to grow.
While adults can usually tell when they have sinus pressure, it's harder for children, especially young ones, to describe what they're feeling. Knowing what signs to look for can help you get them the care they need to feel better faster.
1. A Cold That Just Won't Quit
One of the most common signs of a sinus infection is a cold that lasts longer than usual. A typical cold usually improves within 7 to 10 days. If your child's cold symptoms persist for more than 10 days without any improvement, sinusitis could be the cause. In some cases, the symptoms might even start to get better and then suddenly worsen again.
2. Thick, Colored Nasal Discharge
While clear mucus is common with a cold, the discharge associated with a sinus infection is often much thicker. You may notice persistent yellow or green mucus draining from your child's nose. This thick drainage can also run down the back of their throat, a condition called post-nasal drip, which can lead to other symptoms.
3. Bad Breath (Halitosis)
That post-nasal drip doesn't just cause a sore throat—it can also cause noticeably bad breath. When infected, mucus drips down the throat, it can lead to an unpleasant odor that doesn't go away even after brushing their teeth. While bad breath can have many causes, it's a telling sign when it appears alongside other cold-like symptoms.
4. Sinus Pain, Pressure, or Headaches
Older children may be able to tell you they have a headache or that their face hurts. This discomfort is caused by the pressure building up in their inflamed sinuses. You might notice them complaining of pain around their eyes, across their cheeks, or in their forehead. Younger children who can't verbalize their pain might seem more irritable, have trouble eating, or hold their head. You might also notice some swelling or puffiness around their eyes.
5. A Persistent Nighttime Cough
A cough that gets worse when your child lies down is another red flag for a sinus infection. The post-nasal drip from their sinuses can irritate the back of the throat, triggering a cough that is often more pronounced at night. This can disrupt their sleep and leave them feeling tired and cranky during the day.
When Should You See a Doctor?
Most sinus infections are caused by viruses and will clear up on their own with rest, hydration, and supportive care. However, sometimes a bacterial infection develops, which may require antibiotics.
PT Family Medicine recommends scheduling an appointment if your child has:
- Cold symptoms that last for more than 10 days without improving.
- A high fever (over 102°F or 39°C) for several days.
- Symptoms that seem to improve but then suddenly get worse.
- Severe headache or facial pain.
- Swelling or redness around the eyes.
A healthcare provider can perform a physical exam to diagnose a sinus infection and determine the best course of treatment.
Viral Sinusitis vs. Bacterial Sinusitis
| Viral Sinusitis | Bacterial Sinusitis |
|---|---|
| Symptoms last fewer than 10 days and don't worsen. | Symptoms last more than 10 days OR worsen after initial improvement. |
| Fever is usually low-grade or absent. | Often accompanied by a high, persistent fever. |
| Nasal discharge may start clear and thicken over time. | Nasal discharge is consistently thick, yellow, or green. |
| Does not respond to antibiotics. | May require a course of antibiotics for treatment. |
Get Expert Care for Your Child at PT Family Medicine
If your child's cold symptoms won't go away, don't wait for them to get worse. A proper diagnosis can provide peace of mind and get your child on the path to recovery.
For expert primary and preventative care, schedule an appointment with PT Family Medicine today. Our dedicated team is here to support your family's health.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do you treat a child's sinus infection?
Treatment depends on the cause. For viral infections, supportive care like rest, fluids, saline nasal sprays, and a cool-mist humidifier can help. If the infection is bacterial, a doctor may prescribe antibiotics. Never give over-the-counter cold medicine to children under 4 unless directed by a doctor.
Are sinus infections in children contagious?
The sinus infection itself is not contagious. However, the viruses and bacteria that cause the initial cold or illness that leads to sinusitis are contagious. Good handwashing is always important to prevent the spread of germs.
Can allergies cause a sinus infection?
Yes, allergies can cause inflammation in the nasal passages and sinuses, which can block mucus drainage and lead to a sinus infection. Managing your child's allergies effectively can help prevent recurrent sinus issues.
How long does a sinus infection last in a child?
Acute sinus infections typically last less than four weeks, with most viral cases resolving in about 10 days. Chronic sinusitis is when symptoms last for 12 weeks or longer, which requires a more thorough evaluation by a healthcare provider.
